Wind energy consists of gas molecules. These molecules travel at a high velocity and contain kinetic energy. If they are stopped then they have to release the kinetic energy contained in them. This phenomenon has been exploited by the wind turbine methodology. The small wind turbines capture the kinetic energy and convert it into the electrical energy. This process is carried out by three main constituents of the wind turbine. These are the blades, the shaft and the generator.
When the wind moves over the turbine blades, a high pressure is created below the turbine blades and a low pressure below them. This causes the blades to ‘lift’ thereby making them rotate. These blades in turn move the magnets in the generator, which create electricity.
This electricity created by the small wind turbines can be used in various establishments like homes, banks and other commercial buildings. The small turbines are of two types: Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) and vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT). In Horizontal axis wind turbine the shaft is parallel to the ground whereas in the vertical axis wind turbines the shaft is perpendicular to the ground. The HAWTs are easier to install and they require little space to stand. The VAWTs require more area to stand. Most of the wind turbines that are available and are installed are HAWTs.
The small wind turbines generally comprises of the following:
• Rotor: It comprises of the blades and a shaft. Earlier the blades were made of wood but now they are made of reinforced fiberglass or the plastic sheets. This quality does not rust and is long lasting.
• Generator or the Alternator: This helps in producing electricity when the blades move.
• Gearbox: The wind turbines use the gearbox to match the rotor speed.
• Nacelle: Most of the small wind turbines employ the use of nacelle or the case that covers the generator and the gearbox.
• Tail vane: The tail vane is used to direct the rotor into the wind.
You can even find the following along with the wind turbine package:
• There are some control systems that comprise of the battery chargers, fuses, brakes and certain other regulators.
• Tower is also provided. It holds the turbine so that the wind flow through the blades is smooth. The tower should be strong and sturdy so as to survive the harsh wind conditions.
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